Nutrition Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Nutrition - Assignment Example If your intake is above goal, list 2 foods with the highest fiber content. 10. If your fat intake is higher than the recommendation, list 2 specific foods from your two-day intake you could reduce, eliminate or replace with other foods in order to lower the fat content. If your fat intake is less than the recommendation, list 2 dietary changes have you made to reduce this number. If your fat intake is within the range list two foods that you consume from your record that allow you to maintain the recommended intake. 16. If your protein intake is higher than the recommendation, list 2 specific foods in your two-day intake you could reduce, eliminate or replace with other foods in order to lower the protein content. If your protein intake is less than the recommendation, note whether this is intentional. If so, why? If not, what 2 specific foods could you increase in order to meet the recommendations? If your protein intake is within the range list two foods that you consume from your record that allow you to maintain the recommended intake. It is recommended that most adults limit their sodium intake to 2300 milligrams per day. In 2010 that recommendation was reduced to 1500 mg per day for adults > 51 years of age. Additionally, if you are African American, hypertensive, diabetic, or have chronic kidney disease, your sodium needs to be reduced to 1500 mg. On average, how many milligrams of sodium did you consume per day? ____1100______ 17. How does your diet compare to the recommendation? If you exceeded the recommended limit identify 2 specific changes you could make in your two-day record to lower sodium intake? If you consumed less than the recommended amount of sodium, list 2 specific ways you intentionally keep sodium low. 18. Your printout lists your daily intake of vitamins. Choose 2 vitamins for which your intake was under the recommended amount. Then list 2 foods you could

Identify Statistics Essay Example for Free

Identify Statistics Essay The Human development Index (HDI) is a general measure of how a country has developed over a certain period of time. It is measured through the use of literacy levels, provision of education, healthcare, life expectancy and the gross domestic product of a country. The HDI of most countries is measured by organizations that would like to use the data for various uses including deciding which of these countries need aid. The HDI of Libya, for instance is placed at 0. 47 in the year 2007. This was an increase of 0. 44% which is substantial. This information was provided by the United Nations in the year 2007. Such statistics are collected by UN for the sole purpose of measuring the rates of development and well-being of the human populations in these regions. It is then important in deciding which of the considered nations need help and in which sectors this help might be most needed (UNDP, 2009). This statistic is a bit misleading due to the fact that some contributing factors are not looked at critically. Some of the factors like democracy and rights are not looked at. Therefore, when looking at the index critically, we realize that such important factors are not considered in determination of the well-being of the general population. This therefore leads us to a conclusion that the calculation might not be able to conclusively portray the right picture to those who are using it.

Apocalypse Now Review Essay -- essays research papers

Vietnam was a war fought by the unwillingly, for the ungrateful, led by the unqualified. Apocalypse Now is Coppola’s film based on Heart of Darkness, but set in the Vietnam jungle. The major theme in the novel is the examination of America’s involvement, militarily, in Vietnam. However, like Conrad’s novel, it also shows the potential inherent darkness in all human hearts. Coppola retains the basic structure of Conrad’s novel for his film. As Marlow, in Heart of Darkness, travels up the Congo eventually to find Kurtz, similarly, Captain Willard the protagonist in Coppola’s film travels up the Nung River to meet his Kurtz. Both the Company and the Army want their Kurtzes dead. Kurtz exposes his superior’s real motives and methods and the Army does not want the truth to be known. Willard becomes more perceptive to the moral darkness around him: this causes him to question his real purpose, or goal in what he is doing. Eventually, after killing Kurtz, Willard realizes the Darkness that can be brought out in any man, examined through Kurtz, if society allows amoral values to thrive. The message in Apocalypse Now is the same message in Heart of Darkness, which is that any man can succumb to his savage desires, he just needs the right environment to allow his temptations to be nurtured and bloom. Apocalypse Now was based on events that had deep meaning and significance for its director. Coppola had just witnessed his generation and the still younger generation fight this bloody conflict nobody wanted to be apart of. He must have seen the wounded and maimed war vets their physical scars obvious, who came to represent the lost generation. Politics at the time forced the Vietnam War upon the American people: men like Kennedy, LBJ, and Nixon were all guilty of this unimaginable crime. The Cold War was in full force and the American government felt it needed to stem the tide of spreading Communism in South East Asia. So, troops were sent to the Democratic Republic of South Vietnam to fight off their northern, Communist enemy. The war was lost before it even started. Am erican politicians were concerned with body counts, kill ratios, and land occupation. Vietnam was about none of these aspects. The Americans dropped napalm, and Agent Orange, they sent B-52 bombers with ten thousand-pound bombs and dropped these on the dense jungles. They deforested entire regions of la... ...ught. The drugs were used as a medicine to ward off this encroaching disease of human savagery. The GIs felt if their mind could be blocked from this approaching horror maybe it would pass and not stay with them. The prime example of this being untrue is Kurtz. He realized his whole being was savage; however, he also was prepared to use the last ounce of humanity he had left to cut away and kill this savagery, represented through the Willard’s clear vision. Apocalyse Now brought to life all the real horrors the Vietnam vets faced, but more importantly it gave them an explanation as to why so many of them faced psychological sickness, upon returning to America. Coppola showed the darkness that came out of this war, expressed through the men who fought it. The movie did a fine job at critiquing the way in which the war was run, with no real objective or purpose being apparent. I think the chose of Coppola to base his outline structure on Conrad’s book, is ingenious. The darkness that was relevant in the 19th century, is still relevant today. Coppola shows this through Kurtz and the Vietnam vets who suffered so many mental problems and the darkness that came out of them in Vietnam.

Multimedia & Education Essay

With a vast array of educational sources available online or by using technology which is involved with multimedia, it is only inevitable that a great deal of teaching will be used this way. Advantages may include improved efficiency, interested learning and a sense of enjoyment for younger learners. Traditional classroom based teaching will need to work together with the advances of computer based learning to fulfil and expand the learners knowledge. Bibliography www. computerweekly. com www. mit. com www. nhs. com www. bbc. co. uk. As technology has evolved rapidly in and around our environment, public services are now steadily introducing multimedia and other forms of computer based applications. The Territorial Army (TA) and the National Health Service (NHS) are two that have evolved dramatically within the last ten years in relation to technology. The TA has several high-tech intelligence and weaponry applications and the NHS has such vital modern equipment all implementing some form of multimedia. With this it should only make sense that multimedia be included in another very important sector, Education. Within the last five years multimedia and education have bonded well to produce some very informative information. This has become readily available for children as young as two up to adults participating in education via adult learning schemes. The most significant and straightforward way to view these types of information is from the World Wide Web (WWW). The similarity between primary and university study is that they need to be online indefinitely. Although they need internet access it must not be a limited package. The connection they apply must be quick and effective otherwise users will establish a lackadaisical attitude towards the idea. Inside the last twelve months there has been a surge in primary and secondary schools in particular enquiring about wireless connections. Many schools are looking at this form of connection due to its low cost and flexibility. Laptops can be transferred from one classroom to another, rather than having a fixed station. An example of multimedia used within education is a project aimed towards disaffected children to encourage them back into learning. Interactive mathematics, composing digital music and building virtual 3D art exhibitions are some of the applications which are used and created. The main idea behind the project is to establish a stable bond between pupil and teacher with the use of I. T. Other outcomes which are hopefully achieved is the better retention of the technology they are using (both pupil and teacher). If the time for this technology is used wisely and productively with the school environment it could play and integral part in the pupils advances post education, however if the pupil is not receptive to new forms of teaching then the answer must lie elsewhere. Ian Peacock chairman of Hackney Council’s Education Committee said â€Å"We need to ensure that the children’s use of computers in the classroom provides some of the buzz they get from playing media-intensive games in their leisure time†. (ComputerWeekly, 2001). As education and multimedia within the ages of two to sixteen is of great importance, the education of the older age group should also be considered vital for those willing to expand their skills and acquire the relevant knowledge. This next form of learning via means of multimedia shows how far the technology has developed to cater for this age group. MIT Open Courseware is designed to: – ?Provide free, searchable, access to MIT’s course materials for educators, students, and self-learners around the world. ?Extend the reach and impact of MIT OCW and the â€Å"open courseware† concept. There is a wide variety of courses to opt for, from history to nuclear engineering. The site is aimed at self-learners who can log on anywhere in the world and start accessing information on their chosen subject. Lecture notes and assignments are all included just as if they were studying in University. This form of studying is very familiar at present with more than 2000 courses available on the internet reported by 1996. That number has grown progressively and there are courses available today to suit the majority of users whatever their subject. These online courses prove to be significant to those who maybe cannot afford fees towards university or who reside to far from any teaching institute. â€Å"We live in a very rural area. Access to quality educational materials is a 225-mile drive to the nearest library of any significance. † (Self Learner MIT, 2005).

Verizon Communications

Verizon Communication’s Core Competencies: Verizon’s success stems from the core competencies in which it possesses that provides for its basis of competitive advantage. The company has really made it a primary focus to strengthen these competencies to their full potential and utilizing them in an effort sustain its competitive advantage and strive toward long-term business growth. Below you will find a list of the key core competencies that Verizon depends on for its continued success and the details entailed to each one:Corporate Citizenship: In 2005, due to an industry that was going through many changes, as well as technologies experiencing an extremely rapid evolving rate, Verizon decided that it needed to focus on the internal processes of the business. Verizon did this by creating what it calls â€Å"CR360†, which stands for â€Å"Corporate Responsibility 360 Degrees†. According to the Business Civic Leadership Center, Verizon’s CR360 model à ¢â‚¬Å"provides a framework that enables employees to look at an issue from an internal and external perspective.The model integrates Verizon’s core values with an understanding of stakeholder expectations into a responsible decision-making process. Verizon has been able to generate employee understanding and cooperation in the CR360 program by incorporating its framework into its employee orientation and leadership training, as well as creating an online training course. According to Kathryn C. Brown, Senior Vice President – Public Policy Department, â€Å"as a company we are becoming more accountable and more cognizant of stewardship and responsibility, and we think that’s important to the success of our business.Infrastructure & Strength and Reliability of the Verizon Network: With the strongest, most reliable network in the market, Verizon has distinguished itself among many other carriers in being a leader in the industry. According to Tony Melone, Verizon Wireless senior vice president and chief technology officer, â€Å"I can promise you that reliability will continue to differentiate Verizon Wireless in the marketplace. There will be no substitute for good old-fashioned engineering. † Verizon is implementing this strategic approach by building the most reliable ext-generation 4G LTE wireless network in the country, and one of the first on the globe. The development of this mobile ecosystem will be due in part to the collaborative initiatives that are taking/took place: †¢ Verizon LTE Innovation Center: Serves as an incubator for early development of both traditional and non-traditional products for use on Verizon Wireless’ 4G LTE network. The company actively works with several strategic partners to help the consumer electronics industry quickly bring products to the market. The Verizon Developer Community and V CAST Apps: A strong group of application developers are helping the company bring innovative applicati ons to its customers. V CAST Apps will allow developers to take advantage of the company’s scale and distribution to market their applications to Verizon Wireless customers. †¢ Join Innovation Lab: Collaborating with China Mobile, Softbank and Vodafone, Verizon Wireless is developing a software platform that will allow developers to create their mobile applications to run seamlessly across multiple operating systems.Experience in the Industry: Verizon has over 125 years of experience in the telecommunications industry. Over those years, Verizon has acquired and merged with other companies, causing a large body of knowledge and skills being integrated into the Verizon businesses. Training Employees and Customer Satisfaction: Verizon holds the facet of learning as a large aspect of their business. Verizon’s trainers are expected to tie instruction directly to the company’s objectives.According to Lou Tedrick, Staff Vice President of Workforce Development, thi s approach ensures executive buy-in, provides concrete benchmarks by which to measure success, and helps the company better serve its growing customer base. The establishment of a certification program was needed because giving sales and customer service reps the product information they need, and keeping customers happy is a clear necessity for business. The program has four steps[1]: †¢ Stage 1: â€Å"Learn It† o The employee receives initial instruction both online as well as in the classroom †¢ Stage 2: â€Å"Show It†: Includes an activity-based demonstration to managers of knowledge attainment followed by feedback †¢ Stage 3: â€Å"Prove It†: o Workers take the test that determines whether or not they’ve earned the certification, and also includes an examination of post-training performance indicators. †¢ Stage 4: â€Å"Earn It†: o This stage is devoted to recognizing those who gain certification. Verizon’s Tangible and Intangible Resources: Tangible Resources: †¢ Financial Stability: According to Verizon Communications 2009 Annual Report, the company has $227. 3 billion in assets, operating revenues of $107. billion, and cash and cash equivalents at the end of the year ranging from $1. 2 billion – $9. 7 billion over the last three years. With substantial assets, revenues with steady increase over the last three years, and substantial amounts of cash on hand consistently year after year, Verizon’s financial backbone is very strong. Intangible Resources: †¢ Reputation with Customers: Verizon’s customers know that when they are signing up with Verizon for any of the services that it offers, they are going to be getting a reliable product and/or service with substantial quality.Whether it is wireline or wireless services or products, customers know the Verizon Communications’ reputation precedes itself. †¢ Goodwill: Verizon Communications’ firmly b elieves in the concept of corporate responsibility and giving back to the community and environment. Verizon really encourages people to get involved and volunteer for something that they love. In 2009, Verizon employees volunteered over 700,000 volunteer hours and donated more than $12. 6 million, which was matched by the Verizon Foundation for a total donation of $26. 1 million invested in community causes.Verizon is also very involved with finding a cure for America’s epidemic in domestic violence. The company provided the Jenesse Center in Los Angeles with a $250,000 grant for a job-skills training program to encourage economic self-sufficiency for domestic violence victims. Also, Verizon provide the Pennsylvania Coalition against Domestic Violence with a $50,000 grant to build its capacity to educate people throughout the state about domestic violence. Another philanthropic effort that Verizon has made has been the establishment and launching of free legal services.These legal services are provided by the company’s legal department and focuses on providing free legal services to three areas: education, support for victims of domestic violence, and support for returning veterans. Verizon anticipates that their attorneys and legal staff will volunteer more than 5,000 hours in 2010. [2] †¢ Company Image and Perception to Customers: When you think of AT&T, you typically think of dropped calls, no service, or lackadaisical customer service. More often than not, this is usually the case.Verizon, on the other hand, has a known reputation for quality customer service, meeting and exceeding the expectations of customers, and providing a product that is reliable, efficient, and consistent. Capabilities: Strategic Business Relationships: Verizon and Microsoft have collaborated to enhance the system characteristics of the cloud-based communication networks. Verizon is able to leverage its financial stability and resources in order to meet the high requirements of capital in order to obtain the best technology. [3]Human Resources: Verizon’s HR department had a keen awareness to the change in industry that was approaching. It knew that rather than making substantial investments in tangible assets, the key to a successful and profitable organization was the investment and sustainability in intangible assets like intellectual capital. Industries are becoming more focused on knowledge management versus hard inventory management. The ways in which Verizon implements this strategy is by focusing on five sectors of their personnel[4]: 1.Talent: Investing in the development of their employees in order to grow its pool of talent, as well as providing for an environment that promotes adequate ethnic and gender diversity. 2. Leadership: Locating employees with potential and providing coaching, development, and rewards for behavior that reflects leadership characteristics. 3. Customer Service and Support: Promote a work environment that encourages collaboration and teamwork, as well as increasing the employees’ knowledge about the products that the company provides and the services that it offers. . Organizational Integration: Provide different avenues and better systems that allow other business units to share information efficiently. 5. HR capability: Focuses on identifying specific talent for different rotational assignments and instituting a measurement system that identifies specific human resources achievements. SWOT Analysis: †¢ Strengths: o A wide range of different technologies o Access to a large amount of qualified employees o A network that has established a bold presence in the market. †¢ Weaknesses: Dealing with an increasing number in workers retiring o Due to the recent merges and acquisitions, Verizon is continuing to deal with differing cultural issues that are present throughout the organization. †¢ Opportunities: o Trying to attack different growth markets o Leveragin g its brand identity in order to institute it into potential markets. †¢ Threats: o Increasing government regulation o Substitution of its products and services with other providers’. o An economy that remains weak due to the financial crisis.Four Criteria of Sustainable Competitive Advantage: 1. Valuable: By integrating its dedication to quality customer service, it adds value to the consumer by letting them know that Verizon is putting forth the effort to make sure all of their problems are solved and to increase employee satisfaction. 2. Rare: By leveraging its name and resources resources, Verizon’s strategic relationship with Microsoft is a rare capability that other competitors simply cannot implement due to their limited IT budgets and personnel that is considered to be less technically avvy. 3. Costly to imitate: Competitors simply cannot afford to make the same capital investments and budget expansions that Verizon is capable of doing. If T-mobile wanted to invest into cloud service technology with Microsoft, the budget for its IT services simply wouldn’t permit. 4. Non-substitutable: Verizon operates the most reliable network in the telecom industry as well as exercisingWorks Cited†Corporate Responsibility. † Verizon Communications Corporate Responsibility. Web. 26 Oct. 2010. http://responsibility. verizon. om/home/results/community/ Lewis, Debbie.

Hippos essays

Hippos essays The Hippopotamuses is a very powerful, caring, and strange animal. The hippo is an animal that has many uquine features and diets. They may only live in one place but they make the best out of it. They love their young and protect it to. They will adapt to almost anything. Hippos respect each other and have territories. The hippos look is like no other animals in the world. The first of the major visible things about it is its teeth. They are huge, sharp, and long. They are made out of ivory a hair like substance. The hippo is an enormous, amphibious creature. They weigh up to 2500 to 3000 (Dolon). Their skin is a slate brown color to muddy brown, with purplish spots. An odd feature the hippo has is its eyes, ears, and nostrils on the top of the head. In fact its head weighs about on third of its body weight, the neck is weighs more than the head (Brust 5). The hippo is the third largest land animal is the world (Brust 1). The hippo is 12 to 5 feet long and 5 feet t all and can open its mouth about 3 feet, the tail measures up to 21 and 24 inches long too (Dolon). Africa is home to many rare and unique animals including elephants, rhinos and hippos. Hippos like to live in Central Africa where there is lots of rivers and abundant plant life. Large populations of hippo occur in the Nile River Valley of east Africa (Sheffer). They like deep water to they can swim, rest, and predators cant get to them. One prime thing hippos look for are adjacent to riverbeds, are reed bedding. They like the warm temperature of the sub-Saharan Africa, which make it hippos paradise. If a hippo going to live anywhere they usually want to live in streams near grass lands. Hippos live in herds of 5 to 30 (Dolon). The Hippo is a huge vegetarian, eating many thins in its path. They eat fruit, grass, leaves, and vegetables. Their main diet during the day is they sleep and wallow around eating water plants. At night they eat their main diet and go back ...

Murder in the Cathedral essays

Murder in the Cathedral essays I believe the conflict and change within the main character, Thomas Beckett, was very drastic. Thomas went from running away from his problems, to facing them and ultimate killing himself because of it. At the beginning of the play Thomas was running away from people that wanted to kill him or hurt him, because of his belief that the king didnt have power over the church. Throughout the play, Thomas questioned himself on why he was doing what he was doing, and in the end he decided that if death was coming he couldnt cheat it. I admire Thomas on how made his final decision based on what he truly believed. Thomass final decision, was what he believed in. I think that if he was content with his decision and if he felt that it was the best choice, than I am happy for him and dont disagree that he should have waited for the I think that the personification of the Tempters helped a great deal in the play. I feel that the tempters helped the reader understand why Thomas did what he did and they also helped the reader understand and put Thomas thoughts in order of importance to him. I liked it how they described how Thomas could have so much and be happy if he would just go along with the king, instead of against him. I feel that without the tempters, the play wouldnt have shown the reader the reason behind Thomass decisions. I feel that the significance of the Christmas Sermon was to tell the people that he would probably be leaving them and it would be his last sermon. Thomas talked about how a martyr is a special thing and that only special people that will remembered forever receive that great honor. To me, it seemed as though he thought maybe he would be a martyr or that he might not because of his reasons behind the decisions he made, either way he wanted the people to remember him. ...

Biography of Dmitri Mendeleev, Periodic Table Inventor

Biography of Dmitri Mendeleev, Periodic Table Inventor Dmitri Mendeleev  (February 8, 1834–February 2, 1907) was a Russian scientist best known for devising the modern periodic table of elements. Mendeleev also made major contributions to other areas of chemistry, metrology (the study of measurements), agriculture, and industry. Fast Facts: Dmitri Mendeleev Known For: Creating the Periodic Law and Periodic Table of the ElementsBorn: February 8, 1834 in Verkhnie Aremzyani,  Tobolsk Governorate,  Russian EmpireParents: Ivan Pavlovich Mendeleev, Maria Dmitrievna KornilievaDied: February 2, 1907 in Saint Petersburg, Russian EmpireEducation: Saint Petersburg UniversityPublished Works:  Principles of ChemistryAwards and Honors:  Davy Medal, ForMemRS  Spouse(s): Feozva Nikitichna Leshcheva, Anna Ivanovna PopovaChildren: Lyubov, Vladimir, Olga, Anna, IvanNotable Quote: I saw in a dream a table where all elements fell into place as required. Awakening, I immediately wrote it down on a piece of paper, only in one place did a correction later seem necessary. Early Life Mendeleev was born on February 8, 1834, in Tobolsk, a town in Siberia, Russia. He was the youngest of a large Russian Orthodox Christian family. The exact size of the family is a matter of dispute, with sources putting the number of siblings between 11 and 17. His father was Ivan Pavlovich Mendeleev, a glass manufacturer, and his mother was Dmitrievna Kornilieva. In the same year that Dmitri was born, his father went blind. He died in 1847. His mother took on the management of the glass factory, but it burned down just a year later. To provide her son with an education, Dmitris mother brought him to St. Petersburg and enrolled him in the Main Pedagogical Institute. Soon after, Dmitris mother died. Education Dmitri graduated from the Institute in 1855 and then went on to earn a masters degree in education. He received a fellowship from the government to continue his studies and moved to the University of Heidelberg in Germany. There, he decided not to work with Bunsen and Erlenmeyer, two distinguished chemists, and instead set up his own laboratory at home. He attended the International Chemistry Congress and met many of Europes top chemists. In 1861, Dmitri went back to St. Petersburg to earn his P.hd. He then became a chemistry professor at the University of St. Petersburg. He continued to teach there until 1890. The  Periodic Table of the Elements Dmitri found it hard to find a good chemistry textbook for his classes, so he wrote his own. While writing his textbook, Principles of Chemistry, Mendeleev found that if you arrange the elements in order of increasing atomic mass, their chemical properties demonstrated definite trends.  He called this discovery the Periodic Law, and stated it in this way: When the elements are arranged in order of increasing atomic mass, certain sets of properties recur periodically. Drawing on his understanding of element characteristics, Mendeleev arranged the known elements in an eight-column grid. Each column represented a set of elements with similar qualities. He called the grid the periodic  table of the elements. He presented his grid and his periodic law to the Russian Chemical Society in 1869. The only real difference between his table and the one we use today is that Mendeleevs table ordered elements by increasing atomic weight, while the present table is ordered by increasing atomic number. Mendeleevs table had blank spaces where he predicted three unknown elements, which turned out to be germanium, gallium, and scandium. Based on the periodic properties of the elements, as shown in the table, Mendeleev predicted properties of eight elements in total, which had not even been discovered. Writing and Industry While Mendeleev is remembered for his work in chemistry and the formation of the Russian Chemical Society, he had many other interests. He wrote more than 400 books and articles on topics in popular science and technology. He wrote for ordinary people, and helped create a library of industrial knowledge. He worked for the Russian government and became the director of the Central Bureau of Weights and Measures. He became very interested in the study of measures and did a great deal of research on the subject. Later, he published a journal. In addition to his interests in chemistry and technology, Mendeleev was interested in helping to develop Russian agriculture and industry. He traveled around the world to learn about the petroleum industry and helped Russia to develop its oil wells. He also worked to develop the Russian coal industry. Marriage and Children Mendeleev was married twice. He wed Feozva Nikitchna Leshcheva in 1862, but the couple divorced after 19 years. He married Anna Ivanova Popova the year after the divorce, in 1882. He had a total of six children from these marriages. Death In 1907 at age 72, Mendeleev died from the flu. He was living in St. Petersburg at the time. His last words, spoken to his doctor, reportedly were, Doctor, you have science, I have faith. This may have been a quote from the famous French writer Jules Verne. Legacy Mendeleev, despite his achievements, never won a Nobel Prize in Chemistry. In fact, he was passed over for the honor twice. He was, however, awarded the prestigious Davy Medal (1882) and ForMemRS (1892). The Periodic Table did not gain acceptance among chemists until Mendeleevs predictions for new elements were shown to be correct. After gallium was discovered in 1879 and germanium in 1886, it was clear that the table was extremely accurate. By the time of Mendeleevs death, the Periodic Table of Elements was internationally recognized as one of the most important tools ever created for the study of chemistry. Sources Bensaude-Vincent, Bernadette. â€Å"Dmitri Mendeleev.†Ã‚  Encyclopà ¦dia Britannica, Inc., 25 Feb. 2019.Gordon. â€Å"Mendeleev - the Man and His Legacy...†Ã‚  Education in Chemistry, 1 Mar. 2007.Libretexts. â€Å"The Periodic Law.†Ã‚  Chemistry LibreTexts, Libretexts, 24 Apr. 2019.

Talent Factory Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Talent Factory - Essay Example Here we look on those organizations that are well prepared for the future and have a strategy that is suitable to groom future leaders. These organizations have talent factories working internally or we can say they groom people for future so they can take up bigger responsibilities. They do this by merging two important things these are functionality and vitality. These people who are being groomed tend to become future leaders for the organizations. In this article the reader has looked upon the two top talent factories Procter & Gamble and the HSBC group both have different approaches to groom people for future but have been successfully grooming future leaders for some time. Functionality basically refers to the processes, tools, and the systems that allow any firm to put the right people at the right positions; this helps in linking the processes of the company to its objectives. HSBC follows the motive of giving people the feel of a local bank when they operate internationally, and link it with their daily processes to make it possible. HSBC keeps track of the people that are performing well at lower positions all over the world in their organization. ... The people of higher management in HSBC usually know their counterparts in other countries this builds a network of HSBC which enables them to collaborate in an easier way. Procter and Gamble on the other hand follows another strategy for talent hunt. P & G conduct its talent hunt through their growth plans; the organization hires new recruits from the local markets of the country they are operating in. For example hiring officers in China hire Chinese locals. This way the organization exploits talent from the country they are operating in. The new recruits are considered to be future leaders in the market they are working, but the higher level managers are still hired globally meaning that the executives decide of their hiring. P & G conduct training programs to train new recruits, special training programs outside the resident's country are also conducted. The organization helps new hires through mentors and special cross functional teams. The new employees are constantly given dif ferent opportunities to prove themselves, for example in 3 to 4 years of his or her hiring an employee has worked on more than 5 products with different people and in different scenarios. The organization has a very efficient system of hiring and pays close attention to it. The talent hunt system is conducted through a proper procedure with a program that keeps track of middle and upper middle managers. Their performances and successful projects in the past and the projects they are working on in the future. The managers are then promoted appropriately, according to their merit. Now coming to Vitality that is the other part of the combination of talent factories.

Involving Parents Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Involving Parents - Essay Example After successfully contacting and personally interviewing a citizen academy official, I was able to obtain substantial information on the measures and plans that they put in place to ensure an effective partnership and participation of culturally and linguistically parents in their organization. The first question I posed to the official was on the approximate number of CLD parents who participate in the organization. Unfortunately, the official did not have an exact figure of the number of CLD parent in participation in citizens Academy. However, according to the views received from the official, it was evident that only a few CLD parents are involved despite the organization’s effort for equal representation of all CLD parents in the Academy despite regardless of cultural and linguistic diversity. The last meeting that was held, the official revealed to me that only five families precipitated. Regarding the groups from which the parents come from, it was evident that a number of diversified groups are represented in the organization. The groups of parents, as retrieved from the interview, are from the Louisa county public health, the university of Lowa, Columbus junction lion’s club, family credit union, Columbus junction police department, and the united Presbyterian church. CLD parent in Citizen Academy participate in a various ways to ensure that all issues and questions they raise are appropriately answered. The major participation of the parents is through the attendance of frequent held meetings held by the organization. The organization also holds field trips to various destinations, which provide a medium for the parents to participate actively. The concerns from the CLD parents are mainly because of the diversity in cultural and linguistic backgrounds. The unique characteristic raising a major concern is that the parents are refugees from underdeveloped countries, who are new to the region; hence are

Explain why american support for britain between 1939 41 'stopped Essay

Explain why american support for britain between 1939 41 'stopped short of war' - Essay Example This explains why America and Britain remained so diplomatically cordial up until the war. Isolationism was a very popular political position during the 1930's and is very much to blame for why the United States did little to prevent the gradual slide of the world's major powers into a war that it would inevitably be drawn into as well. Hindsight is twenty-twenty, and in retrospect it appears that isolationism might not have been the best political stance for America to take between 1939 and 1941. In Ross Kennedy's publication The Ideology of American Isolationism 1931-1939, he analyzes the ideals inherent in isolationist theory. It is his view that that core belief in isolationism by the people stemmed from a lack of faith in the world power politics of the day (Kennedy, 2002). This basically boiling don't to the fact that the American people along with the American government had premature collective security, and collective security schemes lead to the practicing of power politics. Most Americans felt that to involve their country in this global competition would result in the loss of American Freedoms at home. Power politics are attributed to imperial rivalries, imperialism stemming from territorial trade of raw materials war during 1939. Germany, Italy and Japan were all deemed have-not nations. Secretary of State William Castle explained it as they want colonies as an outlet for their surplus population. They want raw materials (Kennedy, 2002). These have not countries were attempting to commandeer and then colonize France and England in hopes profiting off of their raw materials. This of course had very little to do with the Unites States, so in the tradition of isolationism, America sought to remain neutral. Another aspect of power politics that Americans disapproved of was what they considered to be devious and immoral tactics inherent in the European method. The week Nazi Germany signed its non-aggression pact with the Soviet Union, The journal known as the main proponent of isolationism, The New Republic published this statement, European affairs are still full of insincerity, devi ous methods, secrets and surprises, and we should not be taken aback at any treachery or weakness (Kennedy, 2002). It was a common belief among Americans that Europeans were not to be trusted pertaining to their use of power politics. When asked about it Herbert Hoover said, when we talk of using force of any kind, we are playing power politics at the European chess table (Kennedy, 2002). The prime example of this belief in action is the signing of the Versailles treaty, which ended World War I. It can be considered a form of coercion, since it was signed at the end of a gun. Tactics like these have a tradition in America as far back as the American revolutionary war, and they all tend to be driven by monetary gain. In his essay, The U.S. Constitution and the Declaration of Independence, Keith Krawczynksi, convinced that men were motivated primarily by economic self-interest and that class conflict pervaded human events, argues that the Founding Fathers carried out a counterrevolution by creating a reactionary document to protect their interests against popularly controlled state governments that passed cheap paper money legislation, debtor laws, and other measures that favored small farmers and artisans at the expense of wealthy creditors (2003). To

Clement Greenbergs Past Theories of Post-Modernism Essay

Clement Greenbergs Past Theories of Post-Modernism - Essay Example The essay "Clement Greenberg’s Past Theories of Post-Modernism" gives a review of Clement Greenberg’s past theories of post-modernism. Within the context of the stated, the research aims to respond to the question of the applicability of Greenberg’s post-modernism theory to contemporary photographic art. In an attempt to satisfy the stated purposes, the research will first overview Greenberg’s writings, following from which it will define and discuss the concepts of modernism and postmodernism. It will also look towards the works of female photographers and critically analyse the works of three photographers. Prior to proceeding, it is necessary to clarify that the essay focuses on female photographers and the feminist artistic movement. The said approach/focus was determined by the importance of establishing a clear and precise focus for this research and, secondly, by the fact that the feminist movement, especially in the arts, is often argued to have be en enabled by both modernism and postmodernism, on the one hand, and to have promoted and popularised modernism and postmodernism, on the other. In Greenberg's Early Criticism, there is an emphasis on the dominance of literature over other arts. As far as he was concerned, Klee's work is representative of the continual struggle which visual art has with literature. Within the context of the stated, in Greenberg's Early Criticism, the canvas is the product of a struggle and conflict. Harmony is important to Greenberg, but not at the expense of intensity.

Why Group Work is Important Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Why Group Work is Important - Research Paper Example Learning and working in groups entails communal and/or academic values, resources, and techniques of accomplishing tasks. Successful groups find out ways to do well by combining these factors. A group and each individual in it will only be as effectual as they are eager to value disparities among each group member. Carrying out group projects require professionalism in its superlative form. Professionalism means completing each and every task of your project efficiently and effectively. To do that, one needs to identify a problem and how to go about solving that problem. If one follows a problem-solving process, then the results would be more fruitful than otherwise. To all intents and purposes, a problem is not something which could be easily jettisoned. From a utilitarian’s point of view, a procedure or a generalization should be applied. When I have been assigned a project, I would always carry out a pre-project analysis or what I call a feasibility analysis of the project, which encompasses the practicability and the likelihood of the project to be accomplished efficiently and effectively (and before the deadline). FEASIBILITY ANALYSIS: As a group member I always tried to make out a situation where the shoe pinches or where the problem lies in the project. Not identifying and accepting a problem has been a major reason why problems get graver and panic starts creeping in. Identifying and accepting a problem in a project is like finding a remedy beforehand. Individuals and groups who have never thought of something big or novel in their lives have never made their mark in this corporate world. They haven’t ever won their laurels in any field of activity and the reason for their fiasco has been that they have never recognized how to debug the problems in their project. Another important technique that I as a group member applied was that I always realized a project’s complexity. This phase necessitates a detailed and noteworthy examinatio n. The complexities of some projects are not apparent: they are hidden and shallow.  

Clement Greenbergs Past Theories of Post-Modernism Essay

Clement Greenbergs Past Theories of Post-Modernism - Essay Example The essay "Clement Greenberg’s Past Theories of Post-Modernism" gives a review of Clement Greenberg’s past theories of post-modernism. Within the context of the stated, the research aims to respond to the question of the applicability of Greenberg’s post-modernism theory to contemporary photographic art. In an attempt to satisfy the stated purposes, the research will first overview Greenberg’s writings, following from which it will define and discuss the concepts of modernism and postmodernism. It will also look towards the works of female photographers and critically analyse the works of three photographers. Prior to proceeding, it is necessary to clarify that the essay focuses on female photographers and the feminist artistic movement. The said approach/focus was determined by the importance of establishing a clear and precise focus for this research and, secondly, by the fact that the feminist movement, especially in the arts, is often argued to have be en enabled by both modernism and postmodernism, on the one hand, and to have promoted and popularised modernism and postmodernism, on the other. In Greenberg's Early Criticism, there is an emphasis on the dominance of literature over other arts. As far as he was concerned, Klee's work is representative of the continual struggle which visual art has with literature. Within the context of the stated, in Greenberg's Early Criticism, the canvas is the product of a struggle and conflict. Harmony is important to Greenberg, but not at the expense of intensity.

Yonnondio and Waiting for Lefty Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Yonnondio and Waiting for Lefty - Essay Example This is the reason many authors are still writing about issues that bring negative impacts to the community and are related to capitalism. They have chosen individuals in their writing to portray the experiences in the superior communal entirety of capitalism. In the given novels, there are many similarities shown in the characters way of life. There are two families used by the authors to show the different lifestyles among capitalized people. In both novels, it is essential to note that similar issues are discussed. The authors mostly focus on the struggles people have to undergo to ensure that there lives are better. In the play waiting for lefty, Miller is a learned man working in the lab as lab assistance. He works for a certain company and is requested by his boss to make poisonous gases that are to be used to fight in a chemical war. To ensure that he does not neglect his request, his boss tells him of his raise in his office. He does not understand that he is being used to ma ke poisonous gases that are to be used by certain people in chemical warfare. At first, he seems to accept to the terms as offered but as Fayette, his boss, continues with his explanations he remembers the deaths that have occurred due to war (Odets, 23). He remembers the death of his brother and is willing to lose his job. The author states that he tells it to Fayette’s face that he had rather get a livelihood from digging ditches. The author tries to show that there is a lot of exploitation among the people who live in lower standards of life. Since they are willing to have better lives, they are willing to bear with anything to have their goals achieved. Just like Miller, many people should be ready to overcome worse experiences as seen among people living under capitalism (Odets, 30). In the novel Yonnondio, it is evident that the characters used bring out the idea of capitalism really well. Anna Holbrook believes that her children can evade the kind of life she was livin g by acquiring education. The author uses day- dreaming and imagination to bring out the ideas in Anna’s mind. Although she lives a poor life, she is willing to have changes in the life of her children whereby they live a better one than they have in their childhood. She has to undergo through beating from her husband every time he comes home drunk. She does not have a job as her husband, but the chores at home always leave her very exhausted. She has to act as the ideal homemaker, always finding food and laundering clothes. Despite doing all this duties, she has to deal with domestic violence (Olsen, 34). The violence she has to undergo has changed her personality to an extent that she beats her children to make up for the pain she feels. Although she does this, she still cares about her children. This is the reason she always emphases that education is the only best thing that her children deserve. Her children have lived a miserable life, and she is not willing to have the m pass through the same life. To have her goals achieved, she has made them believe that the only way they are going to overcome the experiences of the people living under capitalization, is by working in offices. If they are ale to get good jobs and be admitted in any office, they will abandon the miserable living conditions. As a way of motivating them, she assures them that their hands will become whiter. The author to show that people living under capitalization are always willing to overcome the experiences uses Anna. She is willing to use any method to overcome ideas in capitalism (Olsen, 43). The author shows that there is some evidence of love among these people. Jim always attempts to create a good life

The Changes in Representation of Teenagers in the Media Essay Example for Free

The Changes in Representation of Teenagers in the Media Essay Since the birth of the subculture teenagers, these stereotypically rude, rebellious and rowdy young adults have been included and represented in movies, plays and any other type of entertainment. In studying two separate films from two separate time frames, I have found that they depict teens in many different ways, although the root of their problems, values and attitudes are very much the same. This essay will explore and discuss these changes in representation, and will strive to discover the core reasons for this development. The two movies I have studied; Freedom Writers 2007, directed by Richard LaGrevense) and To Sir with Love (1967, directed but James Clavell), will be my main examples in this report, while also using other materials as backup evidence. Paragraph one will address how teenagers are represented today, and how they were in the past. Paragraph two will explore the reasons behind the differences in portrayal, and paragraph three will decide on whether or not this is a realistic representation of teenagers in society. Throughout the years, the ways teenagers have been depicted have changed ramatically in some areas, while staying completely the same in others. An example of this is the values of the teenagers in the two movies I have viewed. In To Sir with Love, the teenagers were valued relationships and being disrespectful, whereas in Freedom Writers, the teens valued respect and acceptance, but on the flip side, both movies represent the teenagers as rebellious, loud, hostile to those not of their social group, or those they do not accept, who are in search of an identity. These values and attitudes stem from broken homes and violence in both movies, as well as the want, nd in some cases need, for respect. No matter what decade you look at, you will find that this is a common basis of problems in the bulk of teenagers. In both movies, and many others beside, you will find that a majority of the teens have a problem with authority, and seek to disobey all powerful fgures at any possible time. Also, in almost all teenage movies, you have an antagonist, or one person who tends to make more trouble than the others. Sometimes its fairly obvious, an example being To Sir With Love, where the antagonist is clearly Denham (one of the students), but other imes it is not, an example being Freedom Writers, where there are certain students who make more trouble, but no defined antagonist. As you can see, over time values and attitudes may change, but the core root of where these problems have stemmed from does not. The main reason as to why the representation of teenagers has changed over time is because tha values and acceptances of the audience have changed dramatically. The media has to release entertainment suitable and appealing for its audience, otherwise it would receive no money because nobody is watching it. This means that Hollywood, and other people who make movies, must shape the content of their films as the values and interests of its viewers changes, so that it keeps the audience I have viewed are so different, is because the values and attitudes of the people in the decades they were released in were so different. For example, in To Sir with Love, there were almost no swear words, except for the occasional bleedin, whereas in Freedom Writers, there is a whole range of swear words used. This is but one example of the many differences in the representation of teenagers in movies. In my opinion, the way teenagers are depicted in the film world can be both realistic and unrealistic. Some examples of this in my two movies is the fact that To Sir With Love is a very sexist movie, which is a very real mirror image of London in the 60s (where it was set). Also, in To Sir With Love, it is very unrealistic that none of the kids swear, because the children of 1960 London would have sworn all the time. This also shows how the media shapes itself for the wants of its audience, as swearing on film was frowned upon. In conclusion, teenagers can be depicted in many different ways, as I have shown you n this essay, by use of examples, but the core root of their problems, as well as some values, attitudes and beliefs, tends to stay the same throughout the entire teenage history. In this report I have; addressed how teenagers are represented today and how they were in the past, explored the reasons behind the differences in portrayal and decided on whether or not this is a realistic representation of teenagers in society, also giving direct examples from the two movies I have done a study on; Freedom Writers and To Sir With Love.

TRIZ Problem Solving: Design of Hammer

TRIZ Problem Solving: Design of Hammer Abstract This project introduced innovation in a concept design of hammer which is a tool used to blow (a sudden impact) to an object. Some technical contradictions occurred in the design, which made it difficult to find a solution except compromise. When TRIZ was used in the design, things seemed to get easier. A surprising and almost perfect solution was found, and finally it was put into practice smoothly. Introduction A hammer is a tool that delivers a blow (a sudden impact) to an object. A hammer is basically a force amplifier that works by converting mechanical work into kinetic energy and back. Most hammers are hand tools used to drive nails, fit parts, forge metal, and break apart objects. Hammers vary in shape, size, and structure, depending on their purposes. Hammers are basic tools in many trades. The usual features are a head (most often made of steel) and a handle (also called a helve or haft). A traditional hand-held hammer consists of a separate head and a handle, fastened together by means of a special wedge made for the purpose, or by glue, or both. This two-piece design is often used, to combine a dense metallic striking head with a non-metallic mechanical-shock-absorbing handle. Some hammers are one-piece designs made primarily of a single material. A one-piece metallic hammer may optionally have its handle coated or wrapped in a resilient material such as rubber. Objectives To innovate the design of a hammer to make it more efficient using TRIZ problem solving. To minimize the cost used to buy hammer using TRIZ problem solving. To improve the components of hammer to reduce space consumption by TRIZ problem solving. Problem Statement For years, workers have been struggling to bring different type of tools to their worksite.   One of the main tool used by the construction workers are the hammer. A Hammer is a mechanical tool that delivers a sudden impact to an object. The essential part of hammer is head, a compact solid mass that is able to deliver the blow to the intended target without itself deforming and a handle, the part where the user hold the hammer. Commonly, hammers are used to drive nails, fit parts, forge metal and break apart objects. There are different types of hammers in use, they vary in shape, size and structure. Such hammers are traditional curved claw hammer and Drywall hammer. Traditional claw hammer are used to   drives nails well and removes nails easily with the rocking action of its curved claw while Drywall hammer chops errant bits of drywall and sets nails without breaking through walls paper faces. Hammers are categorized as a heavy type tool thus creating problem for the workers t o bring many types of hammer to their worksite. Inconvenient Variety in the number of hammer needed to complete in a certain type of work causes difficulties to the workers in bringing it to their worksite. As we already know, each hammer has its own function. Hence, workers need to bring each of the type of hammer to complete their project. If it is improved it can ease the workers job in bringing different type of hammer without consuming too much energy. Costly Workers are forced to buy each type of hammer so that they can accomplish their job. This causes extra money to be spent to buy each type of hammer. Thus the total cost of project will be increased gradually. Buying less number of hammer with the same functional would causes the cost to be decreased significantly. This would give the advantage to worker as it will cut the cost to buy a hammer. Space consuming The average size of a hammer is bigger than other tool creates a problem which is in storing it. Each hammer requires a huge size of storage space to be stored and with the variety type of hammer, the needs for bigger size storage increases with the number of hammer. If less spaces are used to store this tool, more other tool can be used to fill the empty spaces. This increases the compatibility of the hammer. Function Analysis Subject (Tool)FunctionObject HandHoldHandle (Wood) Handle (Wood) HoldHammer head Hammer headHitNail Component Analysis TRIZ tools Segmentation (#1) Divide an object into independent part Make an object easy to assemble and disassemble The head and the handle of the hammer can be connected and removed freely by user. The thread on the handle ease the user to connect the handle and the hammer head by twisting the head in a clockwise direction. Function Analysis Subject (Tool) Function Object Hand Hold Handle (Steel) Handle (Thread) Hold Traditional Curved Claw (Thread) Traditional Curved Claw (Thread) Hit Nail Handle (thread) Hold Drywall Hammer (Thread) Drywall Hammer (Thread) Hit Nail Handle (Thread) Hold Body Mechanics Hammer (Thread) Body Mechanics Hammer (Thread) Hit Nail Handle (Thread) Hold Toolmakers Hammer (Thread) Toolmakers Hammer (Thread) Hit Nail Component Analysis Contradiction The feature that we want to improve is the strength of the handle by using steel. However the drawback of using steel as a handle is it is very heavy. So by using 39 parameters matrix, we have decided to choose composite material as the handle. The composite material that we have chosen is graphite fiber reinforced epoxy. This type of handle offers a blend of stiffness, lightweight and durability. These handle also encased in a high polycarbonate resin. The addition of this material around the handle increase shock absorption, improves chemical resistance and offers protection against accidential overstrike thus reduce handle failure. Wooden Handle  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Steel Handle  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Composite Handle Wooden Handle  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Steel HandleComposite Handle Partial Triz Contradiction Matrix (1 to 14) Weight of moving object Weight of stationary object Length of moving object Length of stationary object Area of moving object 1 2 3 4 5 1 Weight of moving object + 15, 8, 29,34 29, 17, 38, 34 2 Weight of stationary object + 10, 1, 29, 35 3 Length of moving object 8, 15, 29, 34 + 15, 17, 4 4 Length of stationary object 35, 28, 40, 29 + 5 Area of moving object 2, 17, 29, 4 14, 15, 18, 4 + 6 Area of stationary object 30, 2, 14, 18 26, 7, 9, 39 7 Volume of   moving object 2, 26, 29, 40 1, 7, 4, 35 1, 7, 4, 17 8 Volume of stationary object 35, 10, 19, 14 19, 14 35, 8, 2, 14 9 Speed 2, 28, 13, 38 13, 14, 8 29, 30, 34 10 Force (Intensity) 8, 1, 37, 18 18, 13, 1, 28 17, 19, 9, 36 28, 10 19, 10, 15 11 Stress or pressure 10, 36, 37, 40 13, 29, 10, 18 35, 10, 36 35, 1, 14, 16 10, 15, 36, 28 12 Shape 8, 10, 29, 40 15, 10, 26, 3 29, 34, 5, 4 13, 14, 10, 7 5, 34, 4, 10 13 Stability of   the objects composition 21, 35, 2, 39 26, 39, 1, 40 13, 15, 1, 28 37 2, 11, 13 14 Strength 1, 8, 40, 15 40, 26, 27, 1 1, 15, 8, 35 15, 14, 28, 26 3, 34, 40, 29 40-Composite Material, 26-Copying, 27-Cheap Short Living Object, 1-Segmentation Function Analysis Subject (Tool) Function Object Hand Hold Handle (Composite Material) Handle (thread) Hold Traditional Curved Claw (Thread) Traditional Curved Claw (Thread) Hit Nail Handle (thread) Hold Drywall Hammer (Thread) Drywall Hammer (Thread) Hit Nail Handle (thread) Hold Body Mechanics Hammer (Thread) Body Mechanics Hammer (Thread) Hit Nail Handle (thread) Hold Toolmakers Hammer (Thread) Toolmakers Hammer (Thread) Hit Nail Component Analysis Conclusion As conclusion, problem in reality can be practically solved using TRIZ problem solving technique. TRIZ technique use the process of abstraction as it main way to solve problem. This means that we need to use TRIZ to determine problem, improving feature, and impact feature and lastly, come up with a solution for the related problem. There are many type of TRIZ process that are available for solving problem. However, for this problem the function analysis tool, the 39 parameters and 40 inventive principles is used. We have concluded that the main problems of a hammer are inconvenient, costly, and space consuming. All of the problems are solved by applying TRIZ technique. The final solution that have been analyzed is by producing an exchangeable hammer head with graphite fiber reinforced epoxy handle. This will encounter all of the problems of the common hammer. So, it can be concluded that TRIZ problem solving can be used to problem better and efficiently. References http://me-mechanicalengineering.com/different-types-of-hammers/ http://www.innovation-triz.com/ http://www.triz.org/ https://www.mindtools.com/pages/article/newCT_92.htm http://creatingminds.org/tools/triz/triz_contradiction_analysis.htm https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TRIZ http://www.triz-journal.com/ http://www.mytriz.com.my/ http://www.mindtools.com/pages/article/newCT_92.htm http://www.triz40.com/aff_Principles_TRIZ.php

Fear :: essays papers

Fear The poem â€Å"Fear† by Gabriela Mistral, dramatizes the conflict between a mother and her fear of her child growing up. The mother is the speaker in this poem. The mother is frightened of her child growing up and not needing her as much as she does as a child. In stanza 1 line 1 it says, â€Å"I do not want them to turn my child into a swallow†. The swallow symbolizes a bird leaving the nest. The mother is fearful of her daughter growing up and moving out. This line is repeated in line 7. The mother refers to â€Å"them† when she talks of who is going to change her she is referring to society. The mother is fearful that society will make her daughter become independent. In line 4 it says, â€Å"and never come down again to my doormat†. She is fearful that her daughter will not come and visit once she moves out. In stanza 2 line 9 it says, â€Å"I do not want them to make my child into a princess.† The princess represents the childâ⠂¬â„¢s teen years. Again she refers to society as them. It is also repeated in line 16. The mother does not want society to turn her daughter into something she is not. She wants her child to have fun and play. The mother is fearful that her child will not sleep by her at night. In stanza 3 line 17 it says, â€Å"And I would like even less that one day they crown her queen.† The queen represents the daughter as an adult figure. The mother is frightened of the day her child is an adult, maybe married, and has a life of her own. She will not need her mother anymore. She will not be dependent on her mother anymore. Gabriella Mistral uses repetition in this poem.

Freak the Mighty Essay

Freak the Mighty is a story about the power of a true friendship. Freak and Max are two boys who were so different, and yet had much in common with one another. Freak as well as Max both had limitations and this helped them to become friends. They both run into problems, but together they are â€Å"Freak the Mighty, slaying dragons, rescuing fair maidens, and walking high above the world. † There are differences between Freak and Max. Max is big and tall, a slow thinker, and runs away from his problems. Freak is small, smart, and tries very hard to be brave. There are similarities between the two boys, both have a disability, both do not known their dads, and both are in fear of something. In the story it shows how Max is afraid of joining life here on Earth and Freak is afraid of leaving life here on Earth. Max handles this fear by staying quiet and giving in to people when they bother him and Freak deals with his fear by convincing himself that he will be saved by receiving bionic body parts. Main Events: Freak the Mighty finds Loretta’s purse and gives it to her. Max murdering dad kidnaps him and Freak saves him by spraying a liquid at him from his water gun. Freak gets very ill and goes into the hospital. Conclusion: In the story Max was so busy rescuing adventures, treasure hunting, and slaying dragons that he did not even realize that he already had begun living life. Freak realizes that he will die, but knows that he will stay alive through Max’s story of his and Max’s adventures. When Freak dies, Max feels as if he lost a part of himself because they were friends. Loretta gives Max hope after Freak dies by telling him â€Å"nothing is a drag. Think about it! † 1 Fact and 1 Opinion One fact is that this book is for anybody to read because it shares the story about people with disabilities and what they have to go through in their lives. My opinion is that everyone in school should be made to read this book because it might help them know what people that are different from them is going through.

Difference between retained earnings

Retained earnings is the profit generated by a company that are not distributed to stockholders (shareholders) as dividends but are either reinvested in the business or kept as a reserve for specific objectives (such as to pay off a debt or purchase a capital asset). A balance sheet figure shown under the heading retained earnings is the sum of all profits retained since the companys inception. Retained earnings are reduced by losses, and are also called accumulated earnings, accumulated profit, accumulated Income, accumulated surplus, earned surplus, ndistributed earnings, or undivided profits.Profit and loss account is one of the financial statements of a company and shows the companys revenues and expenses during a particular period. It Indicates how the revenues (money received from the sale of products and services before expenses are taken out, also known as the â€Å"top line†) are transformed into the net income (the result after all revenues and expenses have been acc ounted for, also known as â€Å"net profit† or the â€Å"bottom line†). It displays the revenues recognized tor a specific period, nd the cost and expenses charged against these revenues, including write- offs (e. . , depreciation and amortization of various assets) and taxes. The purpose of the income statement is to show managers and investors whether the company made or lost money during the period being reported. When any amount is kept separate by a company out of its profit for future purpose then that is called as General reserves. In other words, the general reserves are the ‘retained earnings' of a company which are kept aside out of company's profits to meet future known or unknown obligations.General reserves are the part of ‘Profit and Loss Appropriation Account'. The general reserve is a free reserve which can be utilized for any purpose after fulfilling certain conditions. The primary differences between the retained earnings , profit and loss account and general reserve is as follows: Point of difference Retained earning Account General reserve Definition This is the profit which is not distributed to the stockholders but probably reinvested In the business. This Is the financial statement of a company which shows the tOf2 for future purposes. UsesThis is used or retained as earnings for specific objectives like to pay off debts etc. The purpose of the income statement is to show managers and investors whether the company made or lost money during the period being reported. General reserve is certain amount of money kept aside for future need or unexpected expenses. Found under A balance sheet figure shown under the heading retained earnings is the sum of all profits retained since the company's inception. Found in the final accounts statement book General reserves are the part of Profit and Loss Appropriation Account.

Dante Alighieri’s Inferno Paper Essay

Inferno is the first part of Dante Alighieri’s 14th-century epic poem Divine Comedy. Inferno is an allegory telling of the journey of Dante through Hell, guided by the Roman poet Virgil. In the poem, Hell is described as nine circles of suffering located within the Earth. Allegorically, the Divine Comedy represents the journey of the soul towards God, with the Inferno describing the recognition and rejection of sin. Because Dante is an educated Christian, he uses mythological references to make Hell visually appealing. Dante is guided By Virgil because he believes Virgil represents human reason, something very important to Dante. The two poets begin their journey to Purgatory by descending into the first circle of Hell. The first circle of the nine is Limbo. Limbo is â€Å"a region on the edge of hell for those who are not saved even though they did not sin† (University of Texas). In Limbo, there is a castle with seven gates which symbolize the seven virtues (historylis ts.org). This castle houses the great poets Homer, Horace, Ovid, and Lucan; it also houses great philosophers such as Aristotle, Socrates, Plato, Heraclitus, Orpheus, and Euclid. Dante uses the allusion of Aristotle as â€Å"[a] man with honor and respect† (http://apliterature-sasd.wikispaces.com). The second circle is known as Lust. Lust consists of the â€Å"people who were overcome by lust† (University of Texas). The souls in Lust â€Å"are punished by being blown violently back and forth by strong winds, preventing them to find peace and rest† (historylists.org). The strong winds symbolize the restlessness of a person who is led by desire for another person. Dante comes across a couple, Francesca and Paolo, who were murdered because they were practicing adultery. Lust is guarded by the mythological creature Minos. Minos’ tail determines which level each and every soul belongs. Once a soul has told Minos why they are in Hell, his tail coils around his body and e ach coil represents a circle in Hell. Dante uses Minos as the â€Å"king of sinners† because Minos himself was surrounded by sinner during his lifetime. The Third circle is known as Gluttony. Gluttony is where the Gluttonous sinners suffer under a cold and filthy rain. Gluttony is guarded by Cerberus, the three-headed dog. Dante â€Å"adapts him to be more monstrous by his large size and ravenous bite, an apt symbol for gluttony† (foxtwin.com). Dante uses particular names for particular people in each circle. A prime example of this would be when Dante and Virgil come across Ciacco the most gluttonous  man. He warns Dante that their hometown, Florence, will be destroyed. The fourth circle, avarice and prodigality, is known for housing those who lust for material needs and those who keep their wealth all for themselves. The punishment for this circle is to carry around large boulders and bump against each other. â€Å"The boulder represents money and the weight of the boulder represents its weight in their lives† (University of Texas). Here, Virgil and Dante come across Plutus, the God of Wealth. Dante uses Plutus to symbolize â€Å"those that squander and gather money† (foxtwin.com). The two Poets also come across Dame Fortune, the spinner of the world. As a result of her spinning wheel, things turn from good to bad. Dante uses Dame Fortune to represent chance in a human’s life. The fifth circle represents Wrath and Sullenness. â€Å"Wrath is anger that is expressed and Sullenness is and that is repressed† (University of Texas). Dante and Virgil are transported across the Styx by Phlegyas,† the infernal employee†. Phlegyas is in Hell because he set fire to the temple of Apollo. The sixth circle represents Heresy. In Heresy, the heretics lie in tombs made of iron and engulfed in flames. While in Heresy, the Poets are temporarily halted and must wait for the help from Heaven. While waiting for help, Infernal Furies taunt and curse them. The seventh circle, Violence, is divided into three kinds of violence. The first is violence against neighbor s on the bloody River Phlegethon. The river is not made of water, but of blood. Here, Virgil and Dante come across the Centaurs, the half-man and half-horse creature. The poets also come across the Minotaur. The Minotaur occasionally eats seven young men and women, in which Dante uses to symbolize violence. The second violence is against self in the Woods of Self. â€Å"The souls of those who destroyed their bodies or their substance are here to be made into thorny trees† (foxtwin.com). Since the souls destroyed their own bodies, they were denied any resemblance to a body in Hell. The leaves of these trees were painfully eaten by the Harpies. The third violence is against God, Art, and Nature on the burning sand. The eighth circle consists of the fraudulent sinners. This circle is shaped similar to an arena with â€Å"ten concentric ditches where the sinners are tortured† (foxtwin.com). Each ditch is composed with different types of fraudulent sinners: the Panderers, the Flatterers, the Simoniacs, the Fortune Tellers, the Grafters, the Hypocrites, Thieves, and Deceivers. In circle eight, the Poets meet the complex monster Geryon. Geryon would lure  in his victims and then devour them, allowing Dante to use him as fraud. Dante also uses Pope Nicholas II as a symbol as fraud. The final circle is known as The Treacherous or Cocytus. Cocytus â€Å"is the coldest place in Hell† (University of Texas). This circle consists of four smaller circles: Caina, Antenora, Ptolomea, and Judecca. Dante uses three unnamed giants to symbolize â€Å"pride and other spiritual flaws lying behind acts of treachery† (University of Texas). Dante, in his work Inferno, uses several historical and mythological figures to show his Christian devotion and Greek mythological knowledge. He also used these figures to make the poem a better read and to make modern connections of the t ime.

Small assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Small assignment - Essay Example At the end of the ongoing renovation and expansion process, which will be over within a week, I assure you we will have better services. We have tried our level best not to cause many inconveniences to you and decided that we can finish the installation of new equipment within 24 hours. I hope all the valued customers of ONELAB will understand the necessity of this closure and expect and request your cooperation. If you have any queries, please feel free to contact us either by mail or through phone As part of our expansion and renovation plans, we are all set to install some of the most modern equipment which is needed to increase our service capabilities. These machineries are quite new in the market and we believe that you need some training on this equipment before the reopening of the lab after the 24-hour closure, which will begin from tomorrow morning at 6 a.m. onwards. The training session on this equipment will be conducted tomorrow in order to avoid any time delay to the customers and I ask all our employees to report for training tomorrow at 6 a.m. even though the lab will remain closed for customers. As part of our expansion and renovation processes, we are all set to install some of the most modern equipment which is needed to increase our service capabilities. As a result we are forced to implement a 24-hour close down of our lab from 6 am tomorrow (10/9/09) to 6 am the day after tomorrow (11/9/09) and no deliveries or receipts will be executed during this period. I expect a big increase in the volume of our business after the renovation and expansion process which will definitely be beneficial to you as well. I request your cooperation and valued services in the future also. As part of our expansion and renovation plans, we are all set to install some of the most modern equipments which needed to increase our service

Advanced research design Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Advanced research design - Term Paper Example This design is employed in gathering data that are empirical on cultures and societies of humans. Data collection in ethnographic design can take a form of a questionnaire, an interview or observation. In this study, the collection of data was done using the internet based behavioural intervention for increasing physical activity and healthy eating. The interventions used in this study were presented to the participants through the email. This means that the intervention were in the form of a booklet. The sample for this research was made up of consists of college freshman of ages between 18 and 20. The participants were enrolled with the fact that they were willing to complete an internet-based behavioural intervention program to prevent weight gain. The participants were volunteers from a local university and were randomized to either a group of the intervention group or a control group. The dependent variable for this study was the efficiency of the intervention, whereas the indep endent variable was the different behavioural change for increasing physical activity and healthy eating by individuals who took part in the intervention. The controlled variable for this study was the participants’ ages. This is because the age of the participants did not have any effect on the reduction of weight. Despite the different ages of the subjects, there were no proofs of the age effect on the intervention efficiency response because change in the intervention efficiency response was due to the increasing physical activity and healthy eating by the participants. Hypothesis. The hypothesis for this study would be that increasing the physical activity and healthy eating increases the efficiency of the intervention where as reducing the physical activity and healthy eating will reduce the efficiency of the intervention used. Plan for statistical analysis of the hypothesis. Procedure Materials used. To analyse the hypothesis, the apparatus that would be used for includ e: A recorded CD, Oral and written explanations about the intervention, a research study, a response booklet and scale to rate the intervention efficiency. An example of such a scales used are: 1--------2--------3--------4--------5--------6--------7--------8--------9--------10 Not at all Very much. In this scales, digit 1 represent little efficiency where as digit 10 represent increased efficiency. Procedure. All subjects will be given oral and written explanation on research and the intervention through heir emails. The subjects will then be given behavioural intervention with highlighted concerns on the process of increasing the physical activity and healthy eating. In this case, the intervention will be made up of various physical activities and tips on healthy eating. The participants will take part in the intervention activities and record all the details from one intervention to another. The subject would measure their weight gain when having little physical activities and whe n having increased physical activities. Using a scale, the participants will describe the experience in the process of intervention by rating their efficiency of the intervention. All the results obtained would be recorded in a table. Discussion. A table with data on the extend of physical activity, healthy eating, and weight gained would be established. The increase in physical activity and healthy eating would be compared with the weight gain of the participants. The mean, standard deviation, and the mode for the data would be established (Bowling, 2007). A graph of weight gain against the physical

Class objectives Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Class objectives - Essay Example With all that power, marketing is a subject worthy of serious study. One of the most important things marketers can do, and one of the things I wish to learn the most about, is the building of relationships with customers. Many companies succeed in the marketplace because they are able to develop and sustain relationships with consumers in a way that makes consumers feel as though they are part of a family. This is partly done by concerning a company with their consumers satisfaction. Marketing is about playing into peoples' dreams and expectations of their own lives. The more that a company understands their customers desires and wishes, as well as underlying factors such as demographics and income levels, the easier it is to build that relationship through marketing. Marketing is an important part of our lives. To know the forces that help to dictate our choices in the marketplace, it is important to understand how marketing works. That is my main objective in taking this course.

Problems with morden life Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Problems with morden life - Essay Example But modern science and technologies have made life the easiest ever. After man learned to travel fast from place to place within hours, during the present age of Information, they invented the Internet to communicate with others within seconds. All of these invented science and technologies have helped human beings to make their lives comfortable a lot. Now, human life has become more modern. Although, modern life may be convenient, it has negative sides too. The more life becomes easier and comfortable, the more man becomes idle. As a result, idle hours in modern life have caused serious damages the health of modern people. In our industrially developed corporate culture, we, the office-goers, can’t get enough exercise in modern life, because of sedentary jobs, cars and too many machines. As we know, sedentary jobs make people sit in the office andwork all day; they can’t do any exercise on their chairs. If people sit on a chair for a long time without any movement, their back may hurt and theirspinemay curve. It is really harmful for their bodies. Again the car is one of the great inventions in human civilization. It has changed humans’ lifestyle a lot. But, not all things that the car brings to us are good. One bad point is that people exercise less. In the past, when only wealthy people could buy a car, the commoners walked or rode bikes to go somewhere. Both of them are good exercise for people. But when cars become easily accessible to common people, they lose the chance to ride bicycles and also to walk. Thus, people became lazy and started to drive cars anytime instead of wa lking and riding bikes. The last thing that causespeople to get less exercise is too many machines of convenience.People need not only big movement but also small movement. Small movement is like using scissors to cut paper. It helps people to exercise their small muscles and sometimes it is important in preventing arthritis. However, when some machines of convenience

Has the Digital Revolution Had a Positive or Negative Effect on Essay

Has the Digital Revolution Had a Positive or Negative Effect on Communication in Today's Society - Essay Example The ability of computers to replicate and generate digital and graphical information enabled the digital world to flourish. The computers and the internet is the soul to the business world and with most part of the population possessing a personal computer allowed the digital technology to penetrate into every aspect of human life. The social media has advanced beyond imagination and every field from educational to entertainment has evolved drastically. According to (Walker ,1999,pg.39-48)â€Å"All types of information can now be transformed into digital form, manipulated by computers and transmitted by common networks†. The telecommunication field, media and information technology field has seen unbelievable changes due to the digital revolution. Moreover, the advancement in communication field has enabled the world economies to prosper in a short span of time. In concise, the revolution in digital world with the application of unique technology, methods and hardware has posi tively changed the face of the world. Positive Effects of Digital Revolution The technological, social media and communication field has undergone profound change due to digital revolution. ... In the article (Nations,2011)writes thatâ€Å" social media is such a broad term, it covers a large range of websites. But the one common link between these websites is that you are able to interact with the website and interact with other visitors†. Along with social media, the education sector has also seen major change which promoted the learning quality of students worldwide. Nowadays most of the educational curriculum is online based as it allows multimedia application which enhances the quality and absorption of learning information. Internet has advanced the communication procedure of students as they are facilitated with an advantage of online education. With the emergence of online education, students are rarely confined to a specific physical space. Digital evolution has given opportunity to students to access educational information and participate in educational programs and courses from any part of the world in minimum time. Apart from students, educators are equa lly benefited from online education as it eases the learning procedure and its outcome. Even the entertainment source of people has changed enormously due to advancement in digital technology. Today, video games has emerged has a main source of leisure activity for both young and adults alike. The video game has taken over the entertainment world as it exemplifies the leisure activity of people with its inspiring graphical and virtual presentation. According to (Beaumont,2009) â€Å"The sales of video games in the four years between 2003 to 2007 increased 40 per cent in the US, while over that same period, sales of cinema tickets had fallen six per cent†. The next best entertainment source for people are social websites and chatting services

Lack of Connection between Educational Research and Practice Essay Example for Free

Lack of Connection between Educational Research and Practice Essay Educational research is conducted on the premise that an expansion of knowledge in the area of classroom teaching should automatically lead to improvements in the classroom, not only with respect to teaching styles but also the academic progress of students. All the same, this enhancement of knowledge is not always welcomed by teachers (Kennedy, The Connection). According to Mary M.  Kennedy, the author of â€Å"The Connection between Research and Practice,† teachers may fail to apply new knowledge based on research for the following reasons: (1) The research is not authoritative or convincing enough to move teachers to alter their practices; (2) The teachers find it difficult to directly apply the new knowledge because they consider it irrelevant to their particular concerns or questions on the subject of teaching; (3) The research findings may not have been communicated in an understandable way; and (4) It is impossible for the educational system to accept the changes entailed by new research-based knowledge (Kennedy, The Connection). G.  Reid Lyon, the Chief of the Child Development and Behavior Branch of the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, U. S. Department of Health and Human Services, expresses dismay at the lack of connection between educational research and practice: Scientific research can inform beginning reading instruction. We know from research that reading is a language-based activity. Reading does not develop naturally, and for many children, specific decoding, word recognition, and reading comprehension skills must be taught directly and systematically. We have also learned that preschool children benefit significantly from being read to. The evidence suggests strongly that educators can foster reading development by providing kindergarten children with instruction that develops print concepts, familiarity with the purposes of reading and writing, age-appropriate vocabulary and language comprehension skills, and familiarity with the language structure. †¦One hopes that scientific research informs beginning reading instruction, but it is not always so. Unfortunately, many teachers and administrators who could benefit from research to guide reading instructional practices do not yet trust the idea that research can inform their teaching (Lyon). The lack of connection between educational research and practice astounds many researchers. Even so, this lack of connection is sometimes approved by researchers. In the case of reading, for example, there are researchers who perceive that theories are â€Å"neither practical nor profitable† given that reading is â€Å"a complex phenomenon (Calfee and Drum 183). † These researchers even assume that â€Å"theoretical analysis is unnecessary, if not impossible† in this area (Calfee and Drum 183). Thus, there appears confusion with regards to applying educational research in the classroom. Seeing that the educational researchers do not always agree amongst themselves, it is unsurprising that teachers find it hard to understand new research-based knowledge before they can apply it. Teachers may not only disagree with educational researchers, but they also disagree with education reformers that base their ideals on current educational research after sifting through the disagreements among researchers (Kennedy, Reform Ideals). Research suggests that the teaching practice is strongly influenced by the values of the teachers themselves (Aguirre and Speer; Brickhouse). In other words, teachers may simply disagree with educational research that blatantly conflicts with their beliefs about their practice. According to Argyris and Schon, such is the difference between â€Å"espoused theories† and â€Å"theories in use. † Despite the advice of researchers as well as reformers, teachers may simply find it impossible to apply educational research in the classroom when their own beliefs conflict with the ideals of others. Kennedy has experienced the conflict between teacher practice and expectations while teaching in a different culture. Working in Thailand, without immediately appreciating the practice of teaching expected in the new culture, she was rather confused about the method of teaching that she was expected to adopt. She believed that she was right in her teaching style; however, the expectations of the Thai school administrators and students differed. â€Å"It took me a long time to adjust my practice to accommodate their expectations,† she wrote later (Kennedy, Learning to Teach). Of course, if she had failed to adjust, she would have found it difficult to succeed in the new culture as a teacher. Educational research is meant to influence teacher practice (Kennedy, Means and Ends). Nevertheless, resistance to change is a reality that must be confronted by all organizations, whether they are academic in nature or purely for profit. Teachers may believe that a certain educational finding is irrelevant to their concerns or questions about teaching. Still, the real reason why teachers do not always apply current educational research in the classroom is that they believe that their own practices are correct at any given time. In spite of Kennedy’s focus on the connection between educational research and practice, it took her a â€Å"long time to adjust† to a new culture of schooling. Given that educational research is growing by leaps and bounds nowadays, it is but natural for other teachers also to take a long time to adjust to new knowledge in the classroom. Change may sometimes be imposed upon the teachers, as in the case of new technologies that must be adopted in our times in a large number of schools around the globe (Bell, Codde and Bell). When change is not imposed upon the teachers, it is difficult for them to decide on the kinds of changes to adopt and disregard. According to a website on education: Educational research is potentially a great resource for supporting learner-centered practices, but there is a disjuncture between the worlds of the educational researcher and the practitioner (whether faculty member, instructional technologist, or learning designer). A few ears ago at the International Conference on Learning Sciences held in Ann Arbor, keynote speaker Linda Roberts commented on a 500+ page proceeding, saying This is fabulous, relevant, and meaningful work the only problem is: no one who needs it is going to read it. That is, there is not much of a bridge between research and practice (â€Å"Bridging Teaching and Learning Research and Practice†). Educational research has consistently focused on student-centered practices. Nonetheless, the constantly growing amount of research is expected to bewilder teachers about the appropriate teaching styles to adopt at any given time. The adoption of new technologies was considered necessary change. In cases where change is not considered urgent, however, there is bound to remain a wide gap between educational research and teacher practice. As mentioned previously, even educational researchers disagree about the kinds of changes that must be considered relevant or irrelevant. Hence, teachers are left with no choice but to take â€Å"a long time to adjust. † Teachers may additionally choose not to adjust to new knowledge. This is because the teacher’s values are imperative in the classroom. His or her belief system may not concede to a certain change in teaching style. Besides, change is often very difficult to adjust to. Hence, the lack of connection between educational research and practice is unavoidable in reality.

Detecting Autoantibodies in Human Sera Samples using ELISA

Detecting Autoantibodies in Human Sera Samples using ELISA Introduction Autoimmunity is a series of immune responses that is made against an organisms own cells and tissues due to inability to recognise own cells and tissues as self (Mandal, 2014). Diseases can arise as a result of autoimmunity. This includes lupus (SLE). Lupus (SLE) arises because of immunological mechanisms. With tolerance to antigens is lost and production of autoreactive lymphocytes the process of autoantibody is produced. Continuous production of autoantibodies from autoantibody producing cells results in formation of immune complexes. (Bolland and Ravetch, 2000). There are many factors which influence the susceptibility and development of lupus (SLE). These include hormonal, environmental, and genetic factors (Lisnevskaia et al, 2014). Genes involved in lupus (SLE) include MHC loci, tumor necrosis factor alpha, components of the complement factor and the mannose binding protein (Tsao and Grossman, 2001). Environmental triggers have influence on expression for lupus (SLE) such as vi tamin D deficiency. Vitamin D has an important role in order for the immune system to function properly because receptors of vitamin D are found in the cells of the immune system such as T lymphocytes, monocytes and dendritic cells. Also reduced vitamin D intake due to photosensitivity is associated with lupus (SLE). Thus, deficiency in vitamin D has a major consequence for the immune system and can create autoimmune diseases (Albishri et al, 2015). Hormones have a role in acting as chemical messengers in the immune response (Csaba, 2014). These chemical signals produced from hormones are disrupted especially between the brain and target cells which is an important factor in lupus (SLE) (Pick, n.d.). Because of this disrupted balance of hormone production certain hormones are more prevalent which cause lupus (SLE). High estrogen concentrations have been linked to lupus (SLE) due to it causing autoimmunity and with patients having a fast conversion of androgens to estrogens. Patients with joint pains are linked with lupus (SLE) and also have a high concentration of estrogen (Lupusinternational.com, n.d.). Diagnosis of lupus (SLE) include the lupus band test which detects for the presence of antinuclear antibodies. This is done using immunofluorescence. By looking at the florescence pattern the type of antibody can be detected. For a person to be positive for lupus (SLE) IgG and other complement depositions will be found at the dermoepidermal junction. To be specific there will be a bandlike deposit along the epidermal basement membrane due to the presence of IgG. Also a bandlike deposit will be present in the nucleus of the epidermal cells. A high concentration of anti-dsDNA antibody from titers also shows the presence of SLE due to anti-dsDNA antibody having a high specificity for SLE (Gill et al, 2003). Diagnosis can also be made using the SLICC criteria. For a patient to have SLE, at least four criterions need to be met including one clinical criterion (Petr i et al, 2012). There is currently no cure for SLE but a number of treatments are available. Prognosis for SLE has improved significantly since the 1950s with people diagnosed it living for less than five years. Now ninety percent of people with SLE live over ten years. The effect of SLE is more evident in men and children than in women. Causes of early death has been due to failure of organs and infections. Because of improved survival rate other factors have come in to play for the death of SLE patients. Cardiovascular disease is one factor and it is important to prevent this from being developed (Doria et al, 2006).       The ELISA test is a diagnostic test used to measure the concentration of certain antibodies or antigens present in a sample from a disease patient. ELISA is unique due to the separation of specific and non-specific interactions during serial binding to the multiwell plate. At the end of ELISA, a coloured product is produced that is associated with the amount of antibody or antigen present in the solution sample (Bio-Rad, n.d.). The first step of ELISA is coating, where a layer of antigen or antibody is adsorbed to the wells on the plate. After coating, blocking and detection are the next steps. Several washes are needed between each ELISA step to remove unbound materials. During this process excess liquid is removed in order to prevent dilution of the solutions added in the next stage (Bio-Rad, n.d.). For detection of SLE in the patient, the patients serum sample undergoes the ELISA test to detect the concentration of anti-dsDNA-antibodies which is specific for patients with SLE. A h igh concentration of anti-dsDNA-antibodies will indicate that the patient has SLE (Wigand et al, 1997). The aim of this experiment is to measure the concentration of anti-dsDNA-antibody present in both of the serum samples using the ELISA test by binding to the complimentary antigen double stranded DNA in the wells. The samples come from a female patient known to be suffering from SLE. Sample A was obtained when she was feeling relatively well and sample B was collected on the day of the practical. By comparing the yellow colour intensity at the end of the ELISA test for both samples and compared to the controls and using the standard curve the concentration of anti-dsDNA antibodies can be obtained and correlated to the relevant SLE prognosis level. An assay result above the laboratory reference range for the anti-dsDNA-antibody at a particular prognosis level will show that the patient is positive for SLE and the level of SLE prognosis. Based on the level of SLE prognosis suitable treatments will be given to the patient. Results On each strip the first three wells were labelled the positive controls, the next three labels were measured the negative controls and the remaining wells were labelled sample A and B (three for each sample). In the first stage 50 µl of purified antigen was added to each well of the microplate strip. The strip was incubated for two minutes at room temperature to allow time for the antigen to bind to each plastic well. A layer of antigens was present in each well once incubation had finished. After incubation the wells were washed using a wash buffer to remove excess liquid. In stage three 100 µl of blocking buffer was added into each well and incubated for two minutes to remove unbound sites. The wells were washed again to remove excess liquid. In the next step 50 µl of the positive controls, negative controls and the test autosera samples were loaded into the relevant wells. The strip was then incubated for 10 minutes at room temperature. After incubation for 10 minutes the we lls were washed to remove the unbound antibodies. Once the wash was done 50 µl of secondary antibody was added to the wells. Then the wells were incubated for 5 minutes at room temperature. The washing procedure was repeated again to remove any unbound secondary antibodies. In stage nine 50 µl of the HRP enzyme substrate was added to the wells. The strip was incubated for 5 minutes at room temperature. This allowed sufficient time for the HRP enzyme which is conjugated to secondary antibodies to metabolise the TBT substrate. The metabolisation of the TBT substrate produced a blue-coloured product. Each well turned blue fairly quickly during the incubation and the final strip is shown in figure 1. The intensity for the positive control was six, negative control was zero, and sample A and sample B was five. Figure 1. The micro plate strip showing the blue-coloured product after the enzyme substrate was added and then incubated for 5 minutes. For the final stage of the ELISA test the reaction was stopped by adding 50 µl of stop solution, (10% (v/v) phosphoric acid/ddH2O) into the wells. The blue solution turned yellow on addition of the stop solution. This is seen in figure 2. The intensity for the positive control was six, negative control was zero, sample A was one and sample B was two. Figure 2. The micro plate strip showing the yellow-coloured product after the addition of the stop buffer to the blue-coloured product. Absorbance measurements were obtained using a plate reader for the controls and samples. The absorbance relates to the concentration of anti-dsDNA antibodies present in the samples. The data is shown in table 1. Table 1. The absorbance data for the controls and samples. +ive controls -ive controls Sample 1 Sample 2 1 2 3 Avg 1 2 3 Avg 1 2 3 Avg 1 2 3 Avg 0.660 0.717 0.655 0.677 0.063 0.053 0.084 0.067 0.139 0.139 0.141 0.140 0.287 0.255 0.236 0.259 Discussion The antigen that coated the wells of the microplate strip was double stranded DNA. Two epitopes were present. During the reaction when the control and the autosera samples are loaded, the antibodies present are being detected which is complementary to the antigens coated in the wells. The antibodies need to be diluted using a blocking buffer for prevention of non-specific binding of proteins in the antiserum on the well specifically the solid phase. The antibodies in the serum will bind to the complementary antigens during incubation. Any unbound antibodies are removed by washing. After this, secondary antibodies are added in order to detect the primary antibodies. During incubation the secondary antibodies binds to the primary antibodies (Vlab.amrita.edu, 2011). Looking at figure 1, in the positive control samples, the intensity of the blue coloured product was six due to a known amount of anti-dsDNA antibodies present in the sample. This is used to show the procedure is working. The negative control had a blue colour intensity of zero due to no antibodies present in the sample. The intensities of both sample A and B were similar on the scale of five. From figure 2, looking at the positive control sample the intensity of the yellow coloured product is five due to the high amount of known antibodies present which a patient with SLE should have. The mean absorbance value from table 1 for sample 1 is lower than sample 2 which correlates to the colour intensity which is lower than sample 2. This means that sample 1 is from the patient when she was feeling relatively well due to a very low amount of anti-dsDNA antibodies present. Sample 2 has a higher absorbance value than sample 1 with a colour intensity which is also higher at two. Because of t his result sample 2 comes from the patient when she was feeling unwell. Also this level of intensity shows that the patient has a low level for SLE because of low level detection. The experiment was successful because the results obtained were precise and accurate. The only issue during the experiment was that the intensity of the blue-coloured product was the same for both sample A and B when the enzyme substrate was added. Sample 1 had the lowest concentration of anti-DNA antibodies whereas sample 2 had the higher concentration of anti-dsDNA antibodies. This is because of the colour intensity of the final product where sample 1 is low and sample 2 is higher. The mean absorbance value for sample A is 0.14. The laboratory reference range value for sample A is -0.02. Based on the laboratory reference value this means that when the patient was feeling relatively well she was negative towards SLE. The mean absorbance for sample B is 0.26. The laboratory reference value for sample B is 0.13. The absorbance value is higher than the reference value meaning it is positive for a disease prognosis level which is a low level. This means that the patient is mainly disease free but with periods where low disease activity occurs. ELISA is a procedure used to measure the concentration of antigen present in the sample. The estimate of the analyte concentration is as a result from the construction of a standard curve. The standard curve is constructed from the making of several serial dilutions of a known concentration of the analyte across the range of concentrations close to the expected unknown concentration. The unknown samples concentration is derived by interpolation which needs a standard curve which has been properly generated (Natarajan and Remick, 2008). As the intensity yellow colour in the end result has a value of only two we can say that the patient has a very low level of anti-dsDNA present which means the disease is likely to be calm but with a few periods of low disease activity (Kirkbride, 2015). These low disease activities include cutaneous manifestations, musculoskeletal manifestations and serositis which can be treated with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS) or immunosuppression medications which have a low potency on top of the already taken hydroxychloroquine and corticosteroids (Mosca et al, 2001). Bibliography Albishri, J., Alsubai, K. and Alsubai, H. (2015). Vitamin D in systemic lupus erythematosis. World journal of pharmacy and pharmaceutical sciences, 5(1), pp.455-462. Bio-Rad. (n.d.). ELISA Procedure | Bio-Rad. 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