Assess Different Indicators Used to Measure Development Essay

Development is a process of change that affects populations lives, which may involve an melioration in the quality of life as perceived by the people undergoing change. As development is such(prenominal) a wide category, it can be give way into social and frugal factors as well as simple and coordination compound indicators. To start with, many economic indicators argon used to measure a grounds development. GDP (Gross Domestic Product), this is the total value of goods and services produced in a field. GNP (Gross National Product) includes income from investments abroad and PPP (Purchasing Power Parity) takes into account local anesthetic cost of living and is usually expressed per capita. These are the three main economic indicators.Many favors appear when victimisation economic measurement as an indicator, such as it is a useful figure for comparing countries and often used to rank countries to establish a fair system of aid payments. Also, each country can be easily com pared and calculated so that patterns can be seen quickly. However, this way of measurement does come with a lot of problems. For example, the distribution of wealth is anisometric I most/all countries but when studying the indicator results, it shows that supposedly the country has an equal distribution. This results in inequality being covered up and a true picture is not shown which therefore makes the result lack in validity. Countries have different currencies, which is an issue within itself but this is enlarged when countries have different currency fluctuations.This makes it hard to then compare each countries results to one another as the values shown have different rates of wealth. Although, this problem is being tackled by converting all the currencies to US$ so easy comparisons can be made, and patterns can be easily shown when comparing countries. Other problems that come from using economic indicators are they can be manipulated by governments who want to appear poor to collect more aid and it does not take into account informal economies which are very(prenominal) important in less developed countries.To try and eliminate the economic problems, social indicators are also used to make the results as accurate as possible. Social indicators are used mainly to give an idea about the peoples quality of life in that country, although this can be significantly hard to in reality categorise. The main indicators for the social categories are Life Expectancy (the average lifespan of someone born in that country), Birth Rate (number of babies born per thousand people per year). This allows a clear indicator of a countries level of development, as well as being able to predict the future situation to plan accordingly. BR can be affected by population policies (e.g. Chinas one child policy) and figures in LEDCs are not necessarily accurate.Literacy Rate (percentage of the population able to read and write) also has negatives such as when used on its own it doesnt tell us whether the figure is a consequence of in like manner few schools or the fact that children are having to work. The other issue is that it takes no notice of other skills (agricultural for example) the people may have which are equally precious (e.g. a good understanding of farming techniques). Literacy rates is used as an indicator because it does show the amount of education on offer and tells us how many children could or couldnt attend school. Finally, Infant Mortality (the number of children who die before they reach the age of one for every thousand live births per year).An advantage of using these four social indicators to measure a country as a general point is that more patterns are shown by comparing economic and social factors. For example, the higher the GDP per person the higher the life expectancy showing a positive correlation between the two.As stated in the opening paragraph, the development of a country can also be measured by using simple and c omposite indicators. The indicators discussed above in both(prenominal) economic and social categories are classed as simple indicators (excluding GDP). The composite indicator definition is as follows mixed indicators measures are used when single indicators cannot adequately cause such multi-dimensional concepts. Ideally, a composite indicator should be based on a theoretical framework / definition, which allows individual indicators/variables to be selected, feature and weighted in a manner which reflects the dimensions or structure of the phenomena being measured.Simplified, composite indicators combine a number of single component indices to give a combined score. A frequent composite indicator that is often used is the HDI (Human Development Index). this combines PPP, life expectancy, adult literacy and average number of years in schooling. Other composite indicators include GEM (Gender Empowerment Measure) and GDI (Gender-related Development Index) to measure gender inequ ality.Other quality of life indicators could measure a variety of social and economic fac tors. Composite indicators are often considered more reliable as they combine a number of simple indicators to give one average score. The problem with this however is having except an average result. As previously discussed, by having an average score the result lacks validity as it doesnt show a true picture.In conclusion, the method acting that gives the most accurate and true representation of a country, in my opinion, is to use a combination of social and economic simple indicators. Many positives and negatives come from using simple and composite indicators, but the key problem with using composite is that it only gives an average. The main point of creating and using indicators is to get the true representation of a countries development, and composite indicators often do no prove this where as simple indicators are more likely to.View as multi-pages